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Aligning tenure and promotion procedures for community-university engagement: Dialogue for action.
From the proceedings of the CUExpo08 conference, held in Victoria, BC a call for action on reforming tenure and promotion processes in Canadian universities to encourage and support community-university engagement. Provides a summary of relevant literature and progress made in the US and Canada. Jackson, E.T., Schwartz, K., Andree, P. (2008). Aligning tenure and promotion procedures for community-university engagement: Dialogue for action.
Models of civic engagement initiatives at research universities
TRUCEN member research universities have provided examples of how they structure civic and community engagement initiatives and activities on campuses. Campus Compact (2009). Models of civic engagement initiatives at research universities. Campus Compact website. Website.
Building capacity for community-based participatory research for health disparities in Canada: The Case of ”Partnerships in Community Health Research”
Despite increasing support for community-based participatory research (CBPR) to reduce health disparities, challenges at the individual and institutional levels have restricted its adoption. One such challenge is the lack of in-depth and experiential training 104 opportunities for CBPR practitioners – both academic and community-based. This article describes Partnerships in Community Health Research (PCHR), a program centered at the University of British Columbia, which was designed to provide an integrated, multiyear program for both graduate students and community members to develop knowledge, skills, and experience to engage collaboratively in CBPR. PCHR is a unique training program in that the researchers and…
On measuring community participation in research
This article presents two complementary approaches to measuring the level of community participation in research—a “three-model” approach that differentiates between the levels of community participation, and a Community Engagement in Research Index (CERI) that offers a multidimensional view of community engagement in the research process. The article discusses the strengths and limitations of each approach, summarizes the lessons learned, and offers directions for future research. Khodyakov, D., Stockdale, S., Jones, A., Mango, J., Jones, F., & Lizaola, E. (2013). On measuring community participation in research. Health Education & Behavior, 40(3), 346-354. Full Text.
Uncovering the benefits of participatory research: Implications of a realist review for health research and practice.
In this study, the research team, selected, and appraised a large- variety sample of primary studies describing participatory research (PR) partnerships, and in stage, two team members independently reviewed and coded the literature. The team used a realist approach to analysis, in order to embrace the heterogeneity and complexity of the PR literature. This theory-driven synthesis identified mechanisms by which PR may add value to the research process. Using the middle-range theory of partnership synergy, the review confirmed findings from previous PR reviews, documented and explained some negative outcomes, and generated new insights into the benefits of PR. Jagosh, J.,…
Measuring partnership activities: Partnerships in environmental public health evaluation metrics manual.
The “Partnerships in Environmental Public Health (PEPH) Evaluation Metrics Manual” was developed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in 2012, in order to build the evaluation capacity of the PEPH grantees. The manual identifies metrics to measure and demonstrate success in five areas: partnering, leveraging, disseminating findings, training, and capacity building. For each of these five areas, the manual provides an illustrative logic model to demonstrate connections among project activities, outputs, and impacts; over 80 different metrics for each activity, output, and impact are provided as examples, to enable grantees to develop metrics relevant to their specific…
Who’s publishing what? Publication patterns in seven community engagement journals.
This conference presentation shares a three phased research study that investigated the following questions: (1) What types of articles are published in the community engagement journals? (2) Who is publishing in the community engagement journals? And, (3) How rigorous is the research published in the community engagement journals? The findings of this study are discussed. Implications of the findings for authors, community engaged scholarship journals, and the field of engaged scholarship are also discussed. Doberneck, D. M., & Schweitzer, J. H. (2012). Who’s publishing what? Publication patterns in seven community engagement journals. Proceedings from the 13th Annual National Outreach Scholarship…
Is community-based participatory research (CBPR) useful? A systematic review on papers in a decade
This paper presents a systematic review of the CBPR literature that was conducted to examine the effectiveness of current CBPR intervention studies in creating positive change in target communities. The findings showed that collaboration among community partners, researchers, and organizations led to community-level action to improve the health and wellbeing and to minimize health disparities, and also enhanced the research of leadership capacity of the community. Based on their review, the authors recommend that future assessments of CBPR projects evaluate not only health outcomes, but also “how much the target community has been empowered.” Salimi, Y., Shahandeh, K., Malekafzali, H.,…
Measuring the success of community science: The northern California household exposure study.
In this paper, the authors review the methods used to evaluate their CBPR project, “Linking Breast Cancer Advocacy and Environmental Justice”, in order to assist other teams in evaluating CBPR effectiveness. Their evaluation strategy assessed how the CBPR partnership met the goals of all partners, including scientific, educational, policy, community engagement and capacity building goals. The strategy also had partners talk to each other about these issues frequently throughout the project, to collect ongoing evaluation data and stimulate changes to address problems. The authors share ten questions that can be used by other teams to guide such an evaluation. Brown,…
The impact of participatory research on urban teens: An experimental evaluation
This study investigated the effects of youth-led participatory research on the psychological empowerment of 401 students attending urban public schools. The authors found that attending a participatory research elective class during the school day was associated with increases in students’ sociopolitical skills, motivation to influence their schools and communities, and participatory behavior. The implications for participatory research and related youth development interventions are discussed. Ozer, E. J. & Douglas, L. (2013). The impact of participatory research on urban teens: An experimental evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology, 51(1-2), 66-75. Full Text.
Operationalization of community-based participatory research principles: Assessment of the National Cancer Institute’s community network programs.
This study examined how National Cancer Institute-funded Community Network Programs (CNPs) operationalized principles of CBPR. The authors reviewed the literature and extant CBPR measurement tools. On the basis of that review, they developed a questionnaire for CNPs to self-assess their operationalization of 9 CBPR principles. Twenty-two CNPs completed the questionnaire. This study suggests that the CBPR processes can be assessed in a variety of settings, and may help others develop and test CBPR measures. Braun, K. L., Nguyen, T. T., Tanjasiri, S. P., Campbell, J., Heiney, S. P., Brandt, H., …Herbert, J. R. (2012). Operationalization of community-based participatory research principles:…
Being part of something: Transformative outcomes of a community-based participatory study
This study investigated the secondary (i.e. non-research) outcomes of Protecting the ‘Hood Against Tobacco (PHAT), a CBPR project conducted in San Francisco, California. An analysis of quasi- ethnographic documentation of the PHAT project was conducted. Analysis revealed that PHAT participation encouraged healthier behavior and public health promotion among community research partners, prompted academics to confront power asymmetries and recognize community knowledge, and widened social networks. The authors conclude that systematically capturing secondary outcomes, perhaps through wider use of ethnographic approaches, could help enhance understanding of CBPR’s true contributions. Malone, R. E., McGruder, C., Froelicher, E. S., & Yerg, V. B….
Community engagement grants: Assessing the impact of university funding and engagements
This study investigated the importance and consequences of a series of CBPR projects funded by Virginia Commonwealth University. The study provides insight into the different ways that the university and community partners understood the research project outcomes. It also raises important questions about the relative importance of the outcomes of the project, when compared to the impact of the relationship between the university and community partner.Leisey, M., Holton, V., & Davey, T. L. (2012). Community engagement grants: Assessing the impact of university funding and engagements. Journal of Community Engagement and Scholarship, 5(2). Full Text.
Women’s experiences in a community-based participatory research randomized controlled trial
This study conducted focus groups with 31 disadvantaged women who participated in a CBPR-driven randomized controlled trial (RCT), to explore their study experiences. Analysis revealed that the tailored health questionnaire, treatment by study staff members, and RCT participants’ understandings of and responses to randomization were salient to what the women described as transformative experiences that occurred during the RCT. These findings have implications for understanding how CBPR and non-CBPR aspects of interventions and study designs have the potential to affect both process and endpoint study outcomes. Kneipp, S. M., Lutz, B. J., Levonian, C., Cook, C., Hamilton, J.B., & Roberson,…
Community health workers support community-based participatory research ethics: Lessons learned along the research-to-practice-community continuum
This article explains how community health workers (CHWs) involved in CBPR projects support key CBPR ethics: community engagement, mutual learning, action-research, and commitment to sustainability. The authors present a case study in which CHWs were deployed at each phase of a 10-year CBPR project that translated an educational intervention in the research-to-practice-to- community continuum. The authors then discuss how the deployment of CHWs during this study supported the ethical conduct of research in the community. Smith, S. A., & Blumenthal, D. S. (2012). Community health workers support community-based participatory research ethics: Lessons learned along the research-to-practice-community continuum. Journal of Health…
African American children’s perceptions of HIV-focused community-based participatory research
This study examined factors influencing informed assent, initial involvement, and ongoing involvement in HIV-focused CBPR research for African American children. Study participants were recruited from the Collaborative HIV and Adolescent Mental Health Project and completed an interview that assessed their attitudes about research activities. Findings from the study are presented, and can help researchers develop procedures facilitating ethics boards to assess the appropriateness of child assent in HIV-focused CBPR. Traube, D. E., Cederbaum, J. A., Kerkorian, D., Bhupali, C., & McKay, M. M. (2013). African American children’s perceptions of HIV-focused community-based participatory research. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research…
Ethical challenges and lessons learned from Inuulluataareq–“Having the Good Life Study”: A community-based participatory research project in Greenland
This paper presents the ethical challenges and lessons learned over the course of a four-year CBPR project conducted on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Greenland. Specifically discussed is Inuulluataareq, the “Having the Good Life” study, the first CBPR project implemented in Greenland. Ethical issues discussed are: (1) the complexity of working with multiple IRBs on an international health research project using a CBPR framework; (2) unexpected influences on health policy; and (3) the dynamic of balancing community practices with academic research requirements. Rink, E., Montgomery-Andersen, R., Koch., A, Mulvad, G., & Gesink, D. (2013). Ethical challenges and lessons learned from…
Principles of community engagement, second edition
This 200-page publication is the update of the 1997 report by the CDC entitled Principles of Community Engagement. Although the health challenges faced in 1997 are not very different from today’s issues, the “scope, scale, and urgency of these problems have all sharply increased” (xv). Furthermore, the knowledge supporting community engagement has grown substantially since 1997, as more agencies and organizations are encouraging community engagement and community-engaged research. This second edition contains the following chapters: Community Engagement: Definitions and Organizing Concepts from the Literature 2. Principles of Community Engagement 3. Successful Examples in the Field 4. Managing Organizational Support for…
Campus-community partnerships for health: the terms of engagement
This article focuses on campus–community partnerships that can leverage both campus and community resources to address critical issues in local communities. Campus–community partnerships are described as a series of interpersonal relationships between (a) campus administrators, faculty, staff, and students and (b) community leaders, agency personnel, and members of communities. The phases of relationships (i.e., initiation, development, maintenance, dissolution) and the dynamics of relationships (i.e., exchanges, equity, distribution of power) are explored to provide service-learning instructors and campus personnel with a clearer understanding of how to develop healthy campus–community partnerships. Bringle, R. & Hatcher, J. (2002). Campus-community partnerships for health: The…
Researching for democracy and democratizing research
Noting that the current, conventional approach to research does little to strengthen scholars’ participation in civic life, this article advocates and describes models of research that promote more democratic inquiry methods, more reciprocal relationships between researchers and their subjects, and new collaborations between research institutions and communities. Examples of programs and initiatives are offered. Ansley, F. & Gaventa, J. (1997). Researching for democracy and democratizing research. Change, 29(1), 46-54.